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Pragmatism and the Illegal
Pragmatism can be characterized as both a normative and descriptive theory. As a description theory, it argues that the classical conception of jurisprudence isn't accurate and that legal pragmatism is a better alternative.
Legal pragmatism, in particular it rejects the idea that correct decisions can be determined by a core principle. It favors a practical approach that is based on context.
What is Pragmatism?
Pragmatism is a philosophy that was developed in the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was the first fully North American philosophical movement (though it is important to note that there were also followers of the later-developing existentialism who were also known as "pragmatists"). As with Suggested Site in the history of philosophy the pragmaticists were motivated by a discontent with the state of things in the world and the past.
It is difficult to provide a precise definition of the term "pragmatism. One of the primary characteristics that is often identified with pragmatism is that it focuses on results and consequences. This is often contrasted to other philosophical traditions that have a more theoretic approach to truth and knowledge.
Charles Sanders Peirce has been acknowledged as the originator of pragmatism in philosophy. He believed that only what can be independently tested and proven through practical experiments is real or true. Additionally, Peirce emphasized that the only way to comprehend the meaning of something was to determine its effect on other things.
Another of the pragmatists who founded the movement was John Dewey (1859-1952), who was an educator and a philosopher. He created a more comprehensive method of pragmatism that included connections to education, society art, politics, and. He was inspired by Peirce and also took inspiration from the German idealist philosophers Wilhelm von Humboldt and Friedrich Hegel.
The pragmatists had a more loose definition of what is truth. It was not intended to be a relativist position however, rather a way to achieve a greater degree of clarity and well-justified established beliefs. This was achieved through an amalgamation of practical experience and sound reasoning.
The neo-pragmatic method was later expanded by Putnam to be defined as internal realists. This was an alternative to the correspondence theory of truth that did not attempt to create an external God's eye viewpoint, but maintained the objective nature of truth within a theory or description. It was a similar approach to the ideas of Peirce, James, and Dewey, but with an improved formulation.
What is Pragmatism's Theory of Decision-Making?
A legal pragmatist regards the law as a means to solve problems rather than a set of rules. Thus, he or she rejects the classical picture of deductive certainty and emphasizes context as a crucial element in making decisions. Legal pragmatists also contend that the notion of fundamental principles is a misguided idea as in general these principles will be discarded by the actual application. A pragmatic approach is superior to a traditional approach to legal decision-making.
The pragmatist perspective is broad and has spawned various theories that span philosophy, science, ethics, sociology, political theory and even politics. However, Charles Sanders Peirce deserves most of the credit for pragmatism, and his pragmatic principle - a rule for clarifying the meaning of hypotheses by tracing their practical consequences - is the foundation of the doctrine but the concept has expanded to cover a broad range of views. This includes the belief that the truth of a philosophical theory is only if it has useful implications, the belief that knowledge is mostly a transaction with, not the representation of nature and the notion that articulate language rests on the foundation of shared practices that can't be fully expressed.
While the pragmatics have contributed to many areas of philosophy, they aren't without critics. The pragmatists' rejection of a priori propositional knowlege has resulted in a powerful, influential critique of analytical philosophy. This critique has spread far beyond philosophy to various social disciplines like political science, jurisprudence and a variety of other social sciences.
It is still difficult to categorize the pragmatist approach to law as a description theory. Most judges make decisions based on a logical-empirical framework, which relies heavily on precedents and other traditional legal materials. However, a legal pragmatist may consider that this model does not adequately reflect the real-time dynamics of judicial decision-making. Consequently, it seems more sensible to consider a pragmatist view of law as a normative theory that provides a guideline for how law should be developed and interpreted.
What is Pragmatism's Theory of Conflict Resolution?
Pragmatism is a philosophic tradition that regards the world and agency as integral. It is interpreted in many different ways, often in conflict with one another. It is sometimes viewed as a reaction to analytic philosophy while at other times, it is regarded as a different approach to continental thinking. It is a rapidly evolving tradition.
The pragmatists wanted to stress the importance of individual consciousness in the formation of beliefs. They also sought to correct what they believed to be the errors of an outdated philosophical heritage that had distorted earlier thinkers' work. These mistakes included Cartesianism Nominalism, and a misunderstood of the role of human reason.
All pragmatists are skeptical of non-tested and untested images of reasoning. They will therefore be cautious of any argument that claims that "it works" or "we have always done it this way' is legitimate. For the lawyer, these statements could be interpreted as being excessively legalistic, uninformed and not critical of the previous practices.
Contrary to the traditional picture of law as a system of deductivist principles, the pragmatic will emphasize the importance of context in legal decision-making. It will also acknowledge that there are a variety of ways of describing law and that the diversity is to be respected. This stance, called perspectivalism, may make the legal pragmatist appear less tolerant to precedent and previously accepted analogies.
A major aspect of the legal pragmatist view is the recognition that judges do not have access to a set or rules from which they can make well-argued decisions in every case. The pragmatist will thus be keen to emphasize the importance of understanding the case before deciding and to be prepared to alter or rescind a law when it proves unworkable.
There isn't a universally agreed concept of a pragmatic lawyer however certain traits tend to characterise the philosophical position. This includes a focus on context, and a rejection of any attempt to draw laws from abstract concepts that aren't tested in specific situations. Furthermore, the pragmatist will realize that the law is continuously changing and there will be no one right picture of it.
What is the Pragmatism Theory of Justice?
As a theory of judicial procedure, legal pragmatics has been praised as a method to bring about social changes. It has also been criticized for relegating legitimate moral and philosophical disagreements to the realm of legal decision-making. The pragmatic is not interested in relegating philosophical debates to the realm of law. Instead, he adopts a pragmatic and open-ended approach, and recognizes that perspectives will always be inevitable.
Most legal pragmatists reject the foundationalist view of legal decision-making and instead rely on traditional legal sources to decide current cases. They believe that cases are not necessarily adequate for providing a solid foundation for analyzing properly legal conclusions. Therefore, they must be supplemented by other sources, including previously recognized analogies or principles from precedent.
The legal pragmatist is against the idea of a set of fundamental principles that can be used to make the right decisions. She claims that this would make it simpler for judges, who could base their decisions on rules that have been established and make decisions.
Many legal pragmatists, due to the skepticism typical of neopragmatism as well as the anti-realism it represents they have adopted a more deflationist stance towards the concept of truth. They have tended to argue that by focussing on the way in which the concept is used and describing its function, and establishing standards that can be used to recognize that a particular concept is useful, that this could be the standard that philosophers can reasonably expect from the truth theory.
Other pragmatists, however, have taken a much broader approach to truth, which they have called an objective norm for assertion and inquiry. This perspective combines elements from pragmatism and classical realist and Idealist philosophical theories. It is also in line with the more pragmatic tradition, which views truth as an objective standard for assertion and inquiry and not just a measure of justification or warranted affirmability (or its derivatives). This holistic perspective of truth is described as an "instrumental theory of truth" since it seeks to define truth in terms of the goals and values that guide one's interaction with reality.